The ability to automatically (unconsciously) mimic or imitate the facial expressions of others is a fundamental aspect of social behavior and is linked to various outcomes such as liking, dyadic rapport, emotional contagion, and the perception and interpretation of emotions ( Vaughan and Lanzetta, 1981 Brothers, 1990 Hatfield et al., 1992 Cappella, 1993 Lundqvist and Dimberg, 1995). These results indicate that even in healthy individuals, transient and minor changes in negative mood are tied to deficiencies in facial mimicry at both the automatic and effortful level.įacial expression plays a crucial role in human communication and social interaction. Inaccurate automatic and effortful mimicry were also tied with lower self-reported social support and greater loneliness. Surprisingly, there were also ties between negative moods and inaccuracies in effortful mimicry of sad expressions (but not automatic mimicry). Results indicated that high levels of negative mood were primarily associated with deficits in effortful mimicry of happy expressions, although some similar evidence was found in automatic mimicry of happy faces. Automatic (reflexive) mimicry was assessed while participants simply viewed facially expressive photographs, while effortful mimicry was monitored when individuals were told to intentionally copy the expressions in the photographs. One hundred and thirty-six participants were shown happy, sad, and neutral faces, while electromyography (EMG) recorded facial muscle responses. This study examines the extent of this deficit in non-clinical individuals with high transient negative mood, and whether it extends to both automatic and effortful emotion expression behavior. The natural process of mimicking the facial expressions of others is well established, as are the deficits in this reflexive behavior for individuals with clinical disorders such as depression. 5Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.4Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.3Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.2Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.Alexius Health, Bismarck, ND, United States
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